Mohammad Hassan Raznahan; Mehran Rezaei; Mohammad Hossein Soleymani
Abstract
Maelstroms are powerful and violent whirlpools in the sea, sucking in objects such as ships within a given radius. Not only most of the geographers mentioned the maelstroms, but also cartographers mapped them, to protect sailors from being drawn into them. One of the most recognized maelstroms in the ...
Read More
Maelstroms are powerful and violent whirlpools in the sea, sucking in objects such as ships within a given radius. Not only most of the geographers mentioned the maelstroms, but also cartographers mapped them, to protect sailors from being drawn into them. One of the most recognized maelstroms in the Persian Gulf is Fam al-asad or Kām-e šīr, which means the mouth of lion. Kām-e šīr or Dahān-e šīr, which is used frequently in ancient poetry and prose, is sometimes referred to as Fam al-asad. It seems that merely the surface meaning of "Kām-e šīr" (the mouth of lion) is focused on in interpretations; hence, the accurate understanding of these expressions can alter the interpretation of the texts and maps. The present paper describes the name of Fam al-asad or Kām-e šīr and other maelstroms in the old texts, and analyses the history of them with the help of some instances.
Mohammad Bagher Vosughi; Mohammad Hossein Solemani
Abstract
One of the main changes which are happened during the Mongol administrative and bureaucratic correction is new words, Integration of administrative corrections in Mongol era because of combining Persian, Chinese and turkey experiences. Although the Bureaucratic correction on the Court of the Mongol era ...
Read More
One of the main changes which are happened during the Mongol administrative and bureaucratic correction is new words, Integration of administrative corrections in Mongol era because of combining Persian, Chinese and turkey experiences. Although the Bureaucratic correction on the Court of the Mongol era has been researched and inquired considerably, these studies and researches are not adequate and sufficient, because there is not enough recognition of historical and literary sources of this period. The scope of research is extended to the other texts and more investigations of these unknown aspects of these changes are introduced. In this regard, this paper utilizes parts of manuscripts "Al-Morshed fi al-Hisāb", which is one of the professional literature on the scope of the Mongol period and it identifies bureaucratic correction and words related to identifying expressions of Mongol era In the first section, the manuscript "Al-Morshed fi al-Hisāb", is introduced and in the second section of this paper, Some parts of this manuscripts which refers to the bureaucratic correction reviewed and identified.
